The South and East regions of Borneo (Kalimantan) are poorly documented in the long-term population history of Island South-East Asia (ISEA) due to studies that have mainly focused on the North part of the island. To provide new and complementary data on the ISEA framework, the Liang Abu rock shelter (East Kalimantan, Mangkalihat Peninsula) was investigated by a French-Indonesian archaeological research project from 2009 to 2016. Excavations revealed a stratigraphic sequence to a depth of 1.7 m. Results documented the geoarchaeology,evolution of lithic and pottery industries, and human exploitation of animals in this region from the late Pleistocene to the present day. These processes are integrated in a chronological framework using 12 radiocarbon dates, with an earlier result at 19761 ± 87 BP. After the publication of three articles on specific aspects (pottery and lithic remains) this paper is the first global synthesis on the Liang Abu rock shelter sequence. It integrates a description of the stratigraphy, studies of the spatial distribution of remains, and a description of the disturbance factors to define a general scenario of the site formation. This study contributes to our knowledge of human settlement in the Mangkalihat Peninsula. Results are discussed with reference to other important Bornean sites in the Upper Birang (Kimanis), Upper Kapuas (Nanga Balang and Diang Kaun), and North Borneo (Niah).